Founded in 1868, it is a well-known public research university and an intellectual development base in the development of the western United States, and together with Stanford University/California Institute of Technology, it supports the academic backbone of the western part compared with the Ivy League universities in the eastern United States
The University of California, Berkeley is one of the most prestigious and top public research universities in the United States, located in the hills of Berkeley, East Bay, San Francisco. It was formed in 1868 by the merger of the College of California and the College of Agriculture, Mining and Mechanics, and in 1873 moved to the city of Berkeley, near San Francisco (San Francisco). UC Berkeley is the oldest of the universities in California. It is also a founding member of the Association of American Universities. Its mascot is derived from the California emblem, so its students often call themselves "Golden Bears". The University of California, Berkeley, along with Stanford University and the University of California, Los Angeles, is known as an academic leader in the field of engineering and technology in the United States.
The first Berkeley land was purchased in 1866 by the private College of California, but due to a lack of funds that year, the college was merged with the state colleges of agriculture, mines, and mechanics, and the University of California was established on March 23, 1868. It was the first full-program public university in California. The school opened its doors in September 1869 and was headed by Henry Durant in 1870. In 1873, when the North and South Halls were completed, the school moved to its new location in Berkeley. The first class consisted of 167 male and 222 female students. Beginning in 1891, California billionaire Phoebe Apperson Hearst continued to donate to Berkeley, which enabled the school to develop new curricula and facilities. In 1905, the school established a "School Farm" near Sacramento, and later became independent from Berkeley and became a branch of the University of California, Davis. Some of the school's most important buildings, such as the California Memorial Stadium, were designed by John Galen Howard.
The mid-20th century was Berkeley's golden age in physics, chemistry, and biology. With the invention of the cyclotron by physicist Ernest O. Lawrence, researchers at the school discovered many elements heavier than uranium. Berkelium and Californium are named after the university, while Lawrencium and Seaborgium are named after Lawrence and Glenn T. Seaborg.
During World War II, the Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory at the University of Berkeley contracted the U.S. military's program to develop the atomic bomb. In 1942, Professor Robert Oppenheimer was appointed to head the scientific department of the Manhattan Project.
Beginning in 1952, the University of California became a separate entity from the Berkeley campus. The University of California is now the governing body that leads all 10 UC campuses and does not offer courses or admit students. Since then, each UC campus has its own Chancellor. Robert Gordon Sproul becomes President of the University of California, and Clark Kerr becomes President of the University of California, Berkeley.
Berkeley became known worldwide during the Vietnam War for its students' protests against the U.S. government. The Free Speech Movement, launched in 1964 in Greater Berkeley, changed a generation's view of politics and morality.
In addition, Berkeley is a city in the picturesque Bay Area of California, next to the famous city of San Francisco (San Francisco), and is famous for having one of the most famous universities in the United States, the University of California, Berkeley (another nearby institution with a number of top majors on a par with Berkeley is Stanford University). So when people talk about Berkeley, they mean the University of California, Berkeley.
